Under the Pact, each country will take over most of the enclaves on its territory and the inhabitants will have the right to stay where they are or to go across the border. At the time of the exchange, an estimated 53,000 enclaves lived, about 38,000 Indians lived in Bangladesh and 15,000 Bangladeshis in India. Over time, each country sometimes required full access to its enclaves on the territory of the other country, but was not willing to grant reciprocal access to each other. As a result, neither country has made serious attempts to expand governance or develop infrastructure in enclaves that are confined to each other`s territory, leaving the inhabitants largely neglected and often victims of bilateral antagonism. A few individual enclaves were filled with several administrative units (Chhits and/or Mauzas). These administrative units must be distinguished from the enclave as a whole. “This is particularly important for the enclaves of Cooch Behar, where the various administrative units that together form some of the largest enclaves are often, but wrongly, called enclaves themselves or where a unit of components from the entire enclave gives its name. … [D]e official Indo-Bangladesh Boundary Commission is listed in 111 interchangeable enclaves in Bangladesh and 51 interchangeable enclaves in Bangladesh appear to have only individual mauzas, even though they consisted of more than one enclave. [3] There is no one-for-one relationship between enclaves, chhits and mauzas. [3] The centre encouraged Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, with the central government having to build toilets for villagers to promote health, hygiene and disinstration. But such a vision or initiative was not seen during the visit of the enclaves in the neighborhood of Cooch Behar. The researchers were informed by officials that the state government would not build toilets, as they would eventually be used as storage space by enclavers and villagers. [60] The 2015 LBA was signed on 6 June 2015 in Bangladesh.
[1] The historic agreement facilitated the transfer of 111 enclaves from India to Bangladesh at 17,160.63 hectares. In contrast, India received 51 enclaves, or 7,110.02 hectares in Bangladesh (see annexes 1 and 2). Prior to this historic agreement, the protocol signed in 2011 between Manmohan Singh (India) and Sheikh Hasina (Bangladesh) was agreed, maintaining the status quo in dealing with the issue of unfavourable land holdings, with India receiving 2,777,038 hectares of Land from Bangladesh (see Appendix 3) and transferring 2,267,682 hectares of land to Bangladesh (see Appendix 4). [2] The 2011 Protocol was established in agreement with the governments of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and West Bengal, but could not be implemented due to adverse political circumstances. Thus, in 2015, the LBA implements the unresolved problems resulting from the unmarcated land border – about 6.1 km long – in three sectors. B including daikhata-56 (West Bengal), Muhuri River-Belonia (Tripura) and Lathitila-Dumabari (Assam); The exchange of enclaves; and the harmful property that was first dealt with in the 2011 protocol. [3] It is important to note that Bangladesh has gained more territory in exchange for land than India. www.ndtv.com/india-news/election-laws-amendment-bill-introduced-in-lok-sabha-1280779. Azmeary Ferdoush is a postdoctoral fellow in geography at the University of Oulu, Finland. He studies on the whole how ideas of borders and limited spaces, made by man, affect human mobility and vice versa. His research interests include, among others, borders, enclaves, (non)citizenship, nationalism, the state, qualitative methods, South Asia and the Arctic. In the enclave of Moshaldanga, a five-year-old boy named Hussein Obama jihad embodies the freedom his citizens hope to see now that territories have been exchanged.
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